Q 1. Explain the significance of signal amplification. 2. An individual is admitted to a hospital rehab center for opioid dependence. They began therapy using Suboxone (partial agonist) at 50 mg/day. Each week, their dosage was reduced by 10 mg until they weaned off the medication. They were then released and sent home. Explain what happened physiologically during their treatment (hint: up/down regulation). 3. An individual consumes a toxin that inhibits second messenger formation in a signaling pathway. Explain what effects this would have the pathway. 4. Why does down-regulation occur when too many ligands are present? 5. An individual who consumed 500 mg of caffeine a day stopped feeling the effects. She took a break from caffeine consumption. After three months of no caffeine, she consumed her usual 500 mg dose. She felt jittery, anxious, paranoid, and had heart palpitations. Explain why she had adverse effects despite keeping her intake the same.